Explore the 2008 shift to aluminum unibody manufacturing in MacBooks. Learn how CNC milling replaced multi-part assembly, improved durability, and set a new standard for premium laptop design.
In the 1990s, Apple moved industrial design in-house under Robert Brunner, creating the IDg and developing the Espresso design language. Kazuo Kawasaki led portable device design. Their work laid the foundation for the iMac and Apple’s design-led future.